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HPKP is another security mechanism that uses an HTTP header as protection against impersonation attacks with fraudulently issued certificates. To enable it on the server side, it’s required to add a special directive that contains hashes of public keys (pins) contained within certificates the server supplies via Certificate message. When browser with HPKP support receives such a header, it validates pins comparing them with the certificate chain. If validation is successful, it associates the website with received pins. Since then, the connection should result in a non-recoverable error in case of pin validation failure during further connections.
pin-sha256=”SPKI_digest#1"; pin-sha256="SPKI_digest#2"; max-age=31536000
Backup pin is an obligatory requirement.
Max-age directive specifies time (in seconds) during which after reception of HPKP header field a client application treats the host (from whom the message was received) as a known HPKP host. In simple words, it’s time a browser should keep “HPKP” cookies and perform HPKP validation using pins received in the header initially.
Example:
pin-sha256="klO23nT2ehFDXCfx3eHTDRESMz3asj1muO+4aIdjiuY="; pin-sha256="kb6xLprt35abNnSn74my4Dkfya9arbk5zN5a60YzuqE="; max-age=31536000
If you would like to include it, includeSubDomains directive should be added in the end of the string and delimited with a semicolon:
pin-sha256="klO23nT2ehFDXCfx3eHTDRESMz3asj1muO+4aIdjiuY="; pin-sha256="kb6xLprt35abNnSn74my4Dkfya9arbk5zN5a60YzuqE="; max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains
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